The stretch shortening cycle (SSC) is a fundamental concept in sports science that defines the process muscles undergo during eccentric (lengthening) followed by concentric (shortening) contractions.
According to Radák ( 2018) the shortening cycle can be defined as a phenomenon whereby the natural pattern of lengthening of active muscle produces energy that is stored in the musculotendinous unit for later use in a subsequent shortening, or concentric, contraction of the SSC.
The SSC can be classified into fast and slow activities based on the speed and length of these phases.
Fast SSC motions often involve a fast transition between eccentric and concentric phases, usually lasting less than 250 milliseconds.
Examples include running, jumping, and plyometric activities, where explosive force and speed are key. It is vital for sports that need rapid, dynamic movements like hockey, soccer, and track & field.
In contrast, slow SSC actions entail a more extended transition, often surpassing 250 milliseconds, and are exhibited in particular strength exercises or slow jogging pace.
These actions allow for increased force output over a longer period, aiding activities that demand prolonged muscular engagement and strength rather than explosive power.
Overall, by incorporating both fast and slow SSC motions within an athlete’s training plan is critical for full athletic development. Balancing different sorts of training ensures a well-rounded athletic performance, meeting the diverse physical demands of various sports.
References:
1. Radák, Z. 2018. Skeletal Muscle, Function, and Muscle Fiber Types. In Elsevier eBooks. 15–31. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815137-2.000
2. Stretch Shortening Cycle (SSC). n.d. Available: https://brookbushinstitute.com